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天水麦积山导游词800篇一
maiji mountain is a typical danxia landform. it is named for its shape likea farmer's wheat pile. the cliff rises from the ground, 80 meters high. themountain is steep, surrounded by green trees and a quiet environment. at the endof the western han dynasty, maiji mountain had become the summer palace offamous tianshui general kaixiao. there are more than 7200 statues and murals ofmore than 1300 square meters, which are distributed in 194 caves, similar todunhuang mogao grottoes and da'an grottoes like yungang grottoes and luoyanglongmen grottoes, they have precious art treasures. in terms of artisticfeatures, dunhuang focuses on gorgeous murals, yungang and longmen are famousfor their magnificent stone carvings, while maiji mountain is famous for itsexquisite statues. as our sculptor liu kaiqu praised: maijishan is "a largesculpture museum in chinese history."
maiji mountain has a long history and enjoyed a high reputation as early as1620 x years ago. in yutang gossip written by the five dynasties, it is saidthat "maiji mountain people, crossing the qingwei river in the north, graduallybecoming two dangs in the south, with five hundred li hills and hills. maiji isin the middle of the mountain. a stone rises up and looks up to a hundred zhanghigh. it looks like a group of people accumulating wheat, so it has this name.".du fu wrote a poem praising: "there are few remnant monks in the wild mountains are round and the roads are high. musk sleeps carnation, parrotpecks golden peach. stones pass through, cliff house prison, the top heavypavilion night, a hundred miles to see qiuhao maijishan grottoes were built withthe smooth development of the silk road from the post qin period. according tothe biography of eminent monk liang, during the yongchu period of the southernsong dynasty, the eminent monk tan hongchan lived in maiji mountain. soon after,the famous monk xuangao arrived, and they lived together in temples, often withmore than 300 apprentices. in the western wei dynasty, yifu, the original queenof emperor wen of wei dynasty, died here and "chiseled maiji cliff and buried itas a niche." in the years of baoding and tianhe in the northern zhou dynasty, liyunxin, the governor of qinzhou, built seven buddha pavilions for his deadfather. he once asked geng xin to write a preface to the inscription of maijiyabuddha niche in tianshui county of qinzhou for him. in the fourth year ofrenshou, emperor wen of sui dynasty, the envoys of qinzhou built a9.4-meter-high seven level pagoda on the top of maiji mountain, which is said tobe one of the 84000 pagodas of asoka. so far, the pagoda is still standing onthe top of the mountain, but it only has five levels and has been rebuilt inrecent years.
when people enter the maiji mountain scenic spot, the first thing they seeis a group of sculptures carved on the cliff. there is a buddha in the middle,which is 15 meters high. there are two bodhisattvas standing in front of them,smiling and welcoming the tourists. when you walk to the front of the mountainand look up, you can see that the niches and caves are as dense as the peakrooms, and the eaves are built according to the caves. the trestle ladder isbuilt on the cliff, and the shallow niche and deep cave are dug on the construction is superb and magnificent, and the project is extremelydangerous and magnificent. although tourists and poets of all ages have beengreatly admired, few of them dare to climb to the top. wang renyu, a poet offive dynasties, bravely climbed the cliff before he wrote: "climb the cliff andclimb the stairs, and you can be with the white clouds at leisure; the hills aresmall in front of the eaves, and the sun is low on the hall; the dangerouspeople are few on the top road, and the ancient rock pines and cranes frequentlyinhabit; in order to leave a name on the edge of the sky, you should brush thestone and ask yourself." my personal sense of life. however, after large-scalereinforcement and repair of the plank road, the crumbling cliff has beenstabilized, and the plank road on the mountain is wide and tidy, safe andreliable. the dangerous scene in wang renyu's works has long been can safely and boldly visit each cliff pavilion, enter each cave at will,and enjoy the beautiful scenery at the foot of the mountain with unrestrainedfeelings.
maiji mountain is 142 meters high. most of the grottoes are cut in the airon 20 to 70 meters high cliffs. there are cliff pavilions, mogao grottoes, cliffniches, mountain buildings and corridors. the caves are shaped like herringboneroof, square collapse roof, arched lintel, dome, square lintel flat roof, squarelintel covered caisson, square flat roof, small circular niche and yu top. thesedifferent types of cave niches and cliff pavilions are the material materialsfor studying the cultural exchange between china and the west and the evolutionand development of architectural structure. according to records, when thegrottoes were excavated in those years, timber was piled up from the bottom tothe top, and then construction was carried out. one layer was built, and theother layer was demolished until the foot of the mountain. according to legend,when li yunxin built the seven buddha pavilion for his dead father, he used400000 people. until now, there are still local ballads: "after cutting nanshanfirewood, build maiji cliff", "first there is wanzhang firewood, then there ismaiji cliff". even the first american tourists praised the maijishan grottoes as"one of the seven major projects in the world" in the 1947 peace daily.
maijishan grottoes used to be a complete mountain. in the 22nd year ofkaiyuan of tang dynasty, a strong earthquake occurred in tianshui area, whichdestroyed the middle part of the cliff. the whole grottoes were spanided into twoparts: east cliff and west cliff. there are 54 caves in dongya and 140 caves inxiya. because maijishan stone is purple brown hydrous parent rock, it is notsuitable for fine carving, so most of them use clay sculpture and painting. themain themes of maijishan statues are buddha, bodhisattva, disciple, king ofheaven, and strongman. although the statues of different generations are in thesame hall, they do not follow and imitate, but maintain their owncharacteristics of the times, and systematically reflect the development andevolution of clay sculpture art in china. whether it's a giant statue as high as15 meters or a small statue as small as 0.3 meters, it gives people a sense ofbeauty. after visiting the maijishan statue, soviet sculptor ni klinduhov saidexcitedly: "the sculptures of the northern wei dynasty and song dynasty are themost fascinating to me. they have amazing inner world, expressive compositionand majestic shape. "
there are thousands of maijishan statues. here, only a few representativemasterpieces can be pointed out, which play the role of "seeing a spot andknowing the whole leopard". the most magnificent statue on dongya is the sevenbuddha pavilion in cave 4. there are 42 statues of bodhisattvas in the sevenniches. they are dignified, amiable, gorgeous, and full of human kindness,kindness, and secular feelings. all the niches are decorated with floatingsculptures of the eight spanisions of the heavenly dragon. their faces arehideous but not ugly. they show men's body-building, dignity, integrity, braveryand perseverance. cave 5, next to the upper seven buddha pavilion, is calledniuer hall. in front of the door of the middle niche, there is a buddha standingon a lying calf. this ox is very moving: round eyes, looking at the prefaceplayfully, feet curling, but it seems to jump up, and the skin hanging from theloose neck, also seems to be moving. not only does the body shape and posturehave the characteristics of a cow, but the most outstanding thing is to show thechildishness and liveliness of a calf, which is very popular among localfarmers, and is called "niuwa with golden hooves and silver horns". at the westend of niuertang, there is a 10 meter long tunnel which can accommodate oneperson. on the top of the tunnel, there are four words: "little cave". it issaid that on the eighth day of the fourth month of the ming dynasty, a stateofficial in qinzhou visited maiji mountain temple fair. on the spur of themoment, he wanted to wander from the ferry chain of the seven buddha pavilion toniuer hall with the posture of turning over with a kite. but when he stoodfirmly in niuer hall and looked down, he saw that the cliff was steep and thepeople in the valley were like ants. suddenly, he felt dizzy, his legs were softand trembling, and he did not dare to step any more. the yamen servants had toinvite a group of stonemasons to dig a small hole. only then did the stateofficial climb over from the hole. up to now, there is still a saying that "thekite turns over and the cow hall" in the local area.
among the caves in xiya, caves 133 and 127 are the largest. no.133 stelecave is the most special cave in maiji mountain. in the cave, there are not onlymany clay sculptures, but also 18 stone tablets, some of which are covered withthousands of buddha statues, so they are also called "ten thousand buddha hall".among them, no. 10, no. 11 and no. 16 are the essence of numerous tablets. cave127 is even more splendid. most of the murals on the four walls and caisson arepreserved. the style of the later wei dynasty is elegant and vertical. draw apicture of buddha's sayings in chinese, and listen to it by thousands of are 12 tigers in western painting, which have different shapes and can becalled excellent. in particular, a stone buddha in the niche is the mostwonderful. in the back light of the stone buddha, there are 12 instrumentsplaying in the upper part. there are eight flying apsaras in the lower are two waiters on the left and right, small but with different the scroll lotus, there is also a small buddha head. sitting in the middle ofthe buddha, raising the palm to sit, showing the kindness and joy of the statue, not to mention in maiji mountain, is a rare treasure in the worldbuddhist art.
there are also several attractive scenic spots around maiji mountain. forexample, the diao chao valley under the three fan cliff of the back cliff ofmaiji mountain is a refuge palace in tianshui at the end of the western handynasty. at that time, the summer palace was dotted with pavilions andpavilions, connected with winding corridors, green glazed tiles, red walls andgolden dragons, three eaves and four clusters of carved phoenixes, flowershadows, green bamboo dancing, silver pearls splashing. with the passage oftime, the resplendent summer palace has long been extinct. only the waterfall,ancient cypress and pine, rocks and strange rocks, flowers and herbs, rare birdsand animals about 40 meters high under the three cliffs still exist, making up acharming natural landscape.
in 1982, maiji mountain, in the name of maiji mountain scenic spot in gansuprovince, was approved by the state council as one of the first batch ofnational scenic spots.
grotto culture
maijishan grottoes retain a large number of religious, artistic andarchitectural materials, which enrich the ancient chinese cultural history.
1、 religion
it mainly reflects three buddhas, seven buddhas, western pure land and soon. it is an important form of buddhist literature to reflect the story ofbuddha's birth and biography from frescoes and carved stone tablets, such as?tzu's birth, prince sakuna's sacrifice to feed the tiger, nirvana and so h the sculpture of buddha, bodhisattva and flying apsaras, it reflects thespiritual enlightenment of buddhism to the real world.
2、 art
it truly reflects the artists' infinite yearning and aesthetic orientationfor a better life at that time. the statues of the northern wei dynasty arebeautiful and handsome, with a wise smile, implying contempt for the reality ofterror, oblivion of the honor and disgrace of life and detachment from thesecular world; the statues of the western wei dynasty and the northern zhoudynasty are gentle and honest, indulging in the pursuit of real life andyearning for the buddhist world; the statues of the sui and tang dynasties areabundant
it is full of delicacy; the clothing patterns of the statues in the songdynasty are realistic and solemn. maijishan art is good at clay sculpture. theartists abandoned the previous meticulous details, and raised the appeal to theheight of commanding everything, with a moving look and a rich flavor of the statues of different times in maiji mountain, we can see that theartists at that time broke through the buddhist rules and regulations, andcreated religious figures with rich flavor of life, such as buddha, bodhisattva,disciple, and supporter, by taking real life figures as the main material andexaggerating, imagining, summarizing and refining the art. the buddhistswhispering in cave 121 and the virgins and virgins in cave 123 show not thepiety of the ascetics, but the childish sincerity and pleasure under theinfluence of the ideological trend of the times. therefore, influenced by thelocal social environment, maijishan statues show the local people and feelings,make the buddhist statues seem to be familiar in life, and make people feel theamiability and loveliness of the buddhist world, so as to be faithful.
maijishan grottoes used to be "with niches are all buddhas, no walls do notfly", but because of the rainy and humid, most of the murals peeled off, butstill retain the western pure land change, nirvana change, hell change andbensheng stories of the northern dynasty, such as? tzu bensheng, sajina princesacrificing his life to feed the tiger, and so on. the cities, temples, cars andclothes depicted in the murals have the characteristics of han culture,reflecting the reality of this period life. feitian, in particular, is morecolorful and distinctive, with clay sculpture, sculpture, painting and thin meatsculpture. although the hometown of feitian is in india, the feitian in maijimountain is the artistic crystallization of chinese and foreign cultures, and isthe fusion of indian buddhist heaven and chinese taoist immortals. she has nowings and no feathers. she is a beautiful girl flying in the air with the helpof clouds instead of clouds. she is the most talented masterpiece of ancientchinese artists. at the same time, dance and musical instruments are alsoreflected in murals and sculptures, which provides valuable information for thestudy of ancient chinese music.
3、 architectural art
maijishan grottoes are built on the precipice. the grottoes are as dense asbeehives, and the trestle road is as high as flying in the air. they are stackedlayer upon layer. their precipitousness is rare in the world, forming amagnificent three-dimensional architectural complex. its wooden hall style stonecliff pavilion is unique and magnificent. most of the caves are of buddhisttemple style without central pillar, with obvious local characteristics.
maijishan grottoes in the most magnificent, the most magnificent buildingis the fourth cave on the seven niches, also known as the "sanhualou", locatedabove the dongya buddha, about 80 meters above the ground, for seven eightcolumn veranda structure, about 9 meters high, 30 meters wide, eight metersdeep, spanided into two parts of the front gallery and back room. the column is abig column with eight edges, covered with lotus petal shaped column base, andall the building components are exquisitely carved, which reflects the maturityof the construction technology in the northern zhou dynasty. the back room ismade up of seven four corner bunchy tent shaped niches. the curtain isoverlapped layer by layer. the columns, beams and other building components inthe niches are shown in relief. therefore, the fourth cave of maiji mountain isthe largest cave in china, which imitates the traditional chinese is an important material to study the wooden architecture of the northerndynasties. it truly shows the external and internal features of the buddhisthall which has been sinicized in the late northern and southern dynasties. it isof great significance in the development history of the grottoes. cave 121:
position:
the upper west end of xiya.
time:
in the late northern wei dynasty, it was rebuilt in song dynasty.
cave shape:
fu dou caijing square cave. the cave is 2.55 meters high, 2.36 meters wideand 2.15 meters deep.
statues:
each of the three niches has a buddha. inside the niche, two men ofstrength are moulded on both sides of the middle door on the left and rightwalls. the upper part of the buddha was remodeled in the song dynasty. the lowerpart of the buddha's body was draped in three petals in front of the seat. thefirst part of the buddha sat down on the square platform. the disciples worecassock and skirt. left disciple tower spiral bun. bodhisattvas wear broadribbon cassock. the bodhisattva and his disciples are closely related. with asmile on their face, they clap their hands in front of their chest. it seemsthat they are whispering and talking with each other. they are just like a pairof brothers and sisters in real life. they are full of youthful vitality andmoving emotions, making people feel natural and kind. the head of lishi wasrebuilt in song dynasty. zuo lishi was wearing a skirt, a scarf round andcrossed on his abdomen, a vajra pole in his left hand, a wind belt in his righthand, a wide sleeve jacket in his right hand, a long skirt and a vertical was wearing body armor. he was strong and powerful, with a kind of aweinspiring spirit. this cave is one of the most important representative caves inthe late northern wei dynasty.
murals: buddha, bodhisattva painted backlight, xiang guang. most of themurals in the caisson are exfoliated and blackened by smoke. only the flyingribbon is faintly visible.
天水麦积山导游词800篇二
dear tourists
hello everyone!
i'm very glad to be here with friends from all over the world. i'm pan, thetour guide of this trip. i hope we can have a good time.
maiji mountain, about 50 kilometers southeast of tianshui, gansu province,is an isolated peak in xiaolong mountain of qinling mountains in china. thetotal area of the scenic spot is 215 square kilometers, including maijimountain, xianren cliff, shimen, quxi four scenic spots and jieting ancienttown. maijishan grottoes is a national key cultural relic protection unit and aworld-famous art treasure house. the difficulty and wisdom of digging hundredsof caves and buddha statues on the cliff is very rare in china's grottoes. comedown, let's go and have a look.
after entering the scenic area, what does maiji mountain look like now?yes, it looks like a wheat stack. maiji mountain is a typical danxia landformwith a height of 80 meters. there are more than 7200 statues and murals frommore than ten dynasties, including the later qin dynasty, the western qindynasty, the northern wei dynasty, the western wei dynasty, the northern zhoudynasty, the sui and tang dynasties, the five dynasties, the song dynasty, theyuan dynasty, the ming dynasty and the qing dynasty. they are distributed in 194caves with an area of more than 1300 square meters. they are known as the fourmajor caves in china, together with dunhuang mogao grottoes, datong yunganggrottoes and luoyang longmen grottoes. in terms of artistic features, dunhuangfocuses on gorgeous murals, yungang and longmen are famous for their magnificentstone carvings, while maiji mountain is famous for its exquisite statues. as oursculptor liu kaiqu praised: maijishan is "a large sculpture museum in chinesehistory."
when you step into the plank road, you must pay attention to safety. nowyou can see a group of carved statues chiseled by the cliff. there is a buddhain the middle, which is 15 meters high. there are two bodhisattvas standing infront of them, smiling and welcoming the tourists. this is also the largestbuddha statue in maiji mountain. now what you can see is the most magnificentseven buddha pavilion in cave 4. there are 42 statues of bodhisattvas in theseven niches, which are solemn and amiable, gorgeous and not vulgar.
now you come to xiya grottoes, the largest of which are caves 133 and .133 stele cave is the most special cave in maiji mountain. in the cave, thereare not only many clay sculptures, but also 18 stone tablets, some of which arecovered with thousands of buddha statues, so they are also called "ten thousandbuddha hall". among them, no. 10, no. 11 and no. 16 are the essence of numeroustablets. cave 127 is even more wonderful. this statue, not to mention maijimountain, is a rare treasure in the world buddhist art.
let's enjoy the main scenic area of maiji mountain first. thank you againfor your support for xiaopan's work! welcome to gansu and maiji mountainagain!
thank you!
天水麦积山导游词800篇三
facing the autumn wind, stepping on the grass. our whole family went totianshui for a tour. in this trip to tianshui, the most impressive touristattraction is the famous "maiji mountain grottoes".
after more than four hours' journey, we arrived at tianshui city. afterstaying in the hotel and having lunch, we rushed to the first touristdestination, maijishan grottoes.
"it's a coincidence that it was sunny just now, but now it's drizzling. oh,how to play when it rains! "i murmured. "you're wrong," my father said. "maijimisty rain is a wonderful sight in maiji mountain, which i can't touch." afterhearing this, my eyes lit up and i was looking forward to seeing it earlier.
at the foot of maiji mountain, fresh air came. from a distance, themountain looks like a farmer's wheat pile. the fog formed by rain surrounds thetop of the mountain. the hazy scene brings a mysterious atmosphere, just like afairyland.
with the fresh air and the smell of grass, we walked to the maijishangrottoes.
according to the guide, maijishan grottoes were first excavated in the lateqin dynasty of the sixteen kingdoms. after more than ten dynasties, they wereexcavated and rebuilt. it has a history of about 1600 years. it is one of thefour largest grottoes in china. there are 194 caves with more than 7200 statuesof different sizes. they are spanided into three categories: clay sculpture,stone sculpture and stone stele. clay sculpture is the main one, and it is knownas "oriental sculpture exhibition hall". deep national tradition, distinctsecularization and strong interest in life are the prominent features ofmaijishan grottoes.
listening to the guide's explanation, we reached the top of the mountainunconsciously. looking at lifelike statues, i seem to see our ancestors on thissteep mountain, using their wisdom to create this magical statue. some of themare carving, some are coloring, some are fixing in short, they are industriouseverywhere.
among so many statues, i admire two. the first is the sculpture of the"three saints of the west" on the shandong side. the amituo buddha in the middleis 13 meters long, majestic and has both spirit and shape. the eyes made ofglass beads are bright and bright, and the folds on the clothes are e hair and other materials are added when mixing with mud, the buddhastatue looks smooth and delicate, just like the real one. the second is called"oriental smile". his eyes are slightly closed, his mouth is up and his head isslightly down, showing the loveliness and implicitness of oriental people. it'svery likable.
after the tour of maiji mountain, i feel very much that our ancestors,using their wisdom, diligence and perseverance, left such a proud cultural relicfor future generations. as the descendants of the dragon, we should carryforward the industrious, simple and persistent spirit of our ancestors to makeour motherland more prosperous.
天水麦积山导游词800篇四
hello, everyone! it's a pleasure to be here with friends from all over theworld.
first. on behalf of the travel agency, please allow me to express myheartfelt thanks and warm welcome to all of you. there is a saying that is wellsaid: looking back hundreds of times in the past life can only lead to a brushin this life. maybe it's a fate to get together. since we are destined, let'sget to know each other. next to me is master lin, the driver. he has richdriving experience and is escorted by him you can give us two hearts, one is"rest assured" to our escort ambassador, master lin, and the other is "happy".please give it to me. i'm your guide this time you can call me xiao guo, guo daoand xiao dao, whatever you like!
in fact, tourism is a very happy thing. travel doesn't have to care aboutits purpose. it only needs to care about the scenery along the way and the moodwhen seeing the scenery. so i hope the good mountains and good water in lanzhoucan bring you a good mood. so during the whole journey, if you need any help,please feel free to come to me. i will try my best to serve you. at the sametime, i hope my work can be successful with your support and cooperation, i wishyou have a good time in lanzhou! i hope this trip is just like my name. i warmlywelcome you to come, and then have fun, eat and enjoy in a word, i hope you havea good time. thank you
maiji mountain is located about 45 kilometers southeast of tianshui city,gansu province. it is a strange peak in xiaolong mountain at the western end ofqinling mountains in china. it is only 142 meters high, but the shape of themountain is peculiar. the isolated peak rises like a wheat pile, so people callit maiji mountain. to the southwest of the mountain is a precipice, on which thegrottoes are cut. some of them are 20 or 30 meters away from the base of themountain, while others are 70 or 80 meters away. hundreds of caves and buddhastatues excavated on such a steep cliff are rare in china's grottoes.
the scenery around maiji mountain is beautiful. the mountains are denselycovered with cypresses, pines, wild flowers and grass. climbing to the top ofthe mountain, you can see green hills all around you. you can see thousands ofmountains and valleys, mountains and peaks, pine trees like the sea, clouds andmist, and the distant scenery is intertwined, forming a beautiful picture. thispicture is known as "maiji misty rain" which is the first of the eight scenicspots in tianshui. among the famous grottoes in china, maiji mountain is thebest natural scenery.
maijishan grottoes is a national key cultural relic protection unit. it wasbuilt in 384 ad. after more than ten dynasties of continuous excavation andrenovation, it has become one of the famous large-scale grottoes in china and aworld-famous art treasure house. there are 194 caves, including more than 7200clay sculptures and stone carvings from the 4th century to the 19th century, andmore than 1300 square meters of murals. the maijishan grottoes are located in anextremely dangerous position. most of them are built on cliffs. all the grottoesare accessible by the aerial trestle road erected on the cliff surface. visitorscan't help but thrill when they climb these winding trestle roads. the ancientsonce praised these projects: "between the cliffs, carved stone into buddha,thousands of niches and caves.". broken from the human force, suspected to be amiracle. " there is also a saying among the people nearby that "after cuttingthe firewood in nanshan mountain, build the maiji cliff" and "first there is tenthousand zhang firewood, then there is maiji cliff". it can be seen that theconstruction of the trestle road was arduous and grand.
maijishan grottoes art is famous for its exquisite clay sculpture art athome and abroad. historian fan wenlan once praised maijishan as "a largeexhibition hall for displaying statues". if dunhuang is a large mural museum,maiji mountain is a large sculpture museum. the statues here are more than 15meters high and only 20 centimeters small, reflecting the characteristics ofstatues of different ages in the past thousand years and systematicallyreflecting the development and evolution of clay sculpture art in china. theclay sculptures here can be roughly spanided into four types: high floatingsculptures protruding from the wall, round sculptures completely away from thewall, moulded shadow sculptures and wall sculptures pasted on the wall. amongthem, thousands of life size round sculptures are regarded as treasures becausethey are full of life interest.
the statue of maijishan has two obvious characteristics: strong nationalconsciousness and secularization. except for the early works, from the northernwei dynasty, almost all of the buddha statues have the posture of looking down,with amiable faces. although they are gods in heaven, they are like secularpeople, becoming the embodiment of people's good wishes. from the shape andclothing of the statue, it is gradually getting rid of the influence of foreignart, reflecting the characteristics of the han nationality.
many caves in maiji mountain have been built into a unique "cliffpavilion". the seven buddha pavilion, 15 meters above the head of the claybuddha on dongya, is a typical han style cliff pavilion in china. it was builton a cliff 50 meters above the ground and was excavated in the middle of the 6thcentury. although maijishan grottoes are mainly clay sculptures, there are alsoa certain number of stone carvings and murals. maijishan grottoes have beenlisted as a key cultural relic protection unit of the state. more than 1300meters of elevated plank road have been newly erected and restored, so thatvisitors can successfully access all the grottoes. the largest statue inmaijishan grottoes is 16 meters, and the smallest one is only more than 10centimeters. the statue in cave 44 is called "venus of the east" by thejapanese. the clothes of the statues in caves 78 and 128 of the western qindynasty are carefully painted. the statues on the seven buddha pavilion, whichis more than 70 meters high, are beautiful. the frescoes on the top of thecorridor are exquisite. the pictures of cars, horses and pedestrians on the topof the west end are not the same no matter from which point of view, which canbe called the classic composition of frescoes in china.